VIEW OUR NEW AGM DIFFERENCE GRAPH !!!
What are the advantages of the AGM battery?
The advantages of AGM batteries are no maintenance, sealed against fumes, hydrogen, leakage, or non-spilling even if they are broken, and can survive most freezes. AGM batteries are "recombinant" – which means the Oxygen and Hydrogen recombine inside the battery. These use gas phase transfer of oxygen to the negative plates to recombine them back into water while charging and prevent the loss of water through electrolysis. The recombining is typically 99+% efficient, so almost no water is lost. Charging voltages for most AGM batteries are the same as for a standard type battery so there is no need for special charging adjustments or problems with incompatible chargers or charge controls. Since the internal resistance is extremely low, there is almost no heating of the battery even under heavy charge and discharge currents. AGM batteries have a very low self-discharge rate (from 1% to 3% per month). So they can sit in storage for much longer periods without charging. The plates in AGM's are tightly packed and rigidly mounted, and will withstand shock and vibration better than any standard battery.
Technical Manual - ALL PURPOSE BATTERIES PTY LTD |
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DESCRIPTION OF X-CELL SEALED LEAD ACID AGM BATTERY |
X-CELL Sealed Lead Acid Battery ( SLA battery) is an advanced and economic rechargeable battery. It has several properties differ form other types of batteries:
- Maintenance free - As it s value-regulated, sealed and glass-mat is utilized, acid is trapped inside. So, refilling is not needed and is leak proof.
- High Power-To-Weight Ratio – X-CELL batteries can provide much power in comparison to its weight.
- No Memory Effect - Some batteries, say nickel-cadmium batteries, will become conditioned to provide less power after repetitious short usage/discharge
- Low Self Discharge - The self-discharge rate for X-CELL battery is about 2-3% per month at room temperature compared with 20-30% for other common battery systems.
- Long Service Life - Utilized thick and massive calcium grides ensure X-CELL battery has a long service life.
- High Discharge Rate - Since the internal resistance is low, the battery can provide high rate of discharge.
- Wide Operating temperature Range – X-CELL battery capacity is rated at 20°C°C and will operate from -15°C (5°F) to +50°C (122°F)when it is fully charged. Ambient temperature is 20°C, service life will be more efficient under 15°C to 25°C.
- Ease of shipment - It is classified as dry battery and is acceptable to be shipped on passenger and cargo aircraft.
Many kinds of product use X-CELL SLA battery as it is convenient, reliable and has outstanding service life and capacity. Applications can be classified as Cycle Use, Standby Use and Solar Cell Generation. Here are some examples:-
For Standby Use |
- Emergency lighting equipment
- Fire alarm and security systems
- Uninterruptible power supply
- Telecommunication equipment
- Electric equipment and telemeter equipment
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For Cycle Use |
- Lighting equipment
- Wireless lawn movers, vacuum cleaner and washing machine
- Toys and consumer electronics
- Portable power tools, measuring and medical equipment
- Portable video camera
- Portable personal computer
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For Solar Cell Generation |
- Garden lighting
- Portable power station
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Figure 1 - Construction of MICRO Series (6V models)
MICRO 8V & 12V models has same construction, but with 4 cells and 6 cells respectively.
Figure 2 - Construction of MEDIUM series (12V)
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Figure 3 - Construction of MACRO series (2V)
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1. Positive Electrode Plates
Positive plates are made of lead-calcium alloy with special chemical formula.
2. Negative Electrode Plates
Negative plates are made of lead-calcium alloy with special chemical formula.
3. Separator
The glass-fiber separator in X-CELL battery are made with advanced technology - This high porosity of the separators retains adequate electrolyte for the reaction with active material of the plates.
4. Safety Valve
The valve system, which operates from 1 psi to 6 psi (0.07-0.43kg/?) is designed to release excess gas and keep the internal pressure within the optimum range of safety. It protects the negative plates form contamination from oxygen in the air. Valve are 100% visually inspected during battery production.
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If the internal pressure is increased to an abnormal level during overcharge, the safety valve will be opened to release gas. It thus eliminates the danger of rupture. Once it has opened, it automatically close in preparation for a future excessive increase in pressure. |
5. Terminal
Depending on the battery model in MICRO series, the terminals may be Fasten type, bolt-and-nut type, pressure-contact type, cable-and-connector type or other special types.
Terminals of MEDIUM series and MACRO series are threaded-insertion type or bolt-and-nut type.
6. Case
For 6V, 8V and 12V batteries, standard container are manufactured form ABS plastic resin (UL94HB). It is optional to use flame retardant ABS plastic resin (UL94V0).
Each 6V battery has 3 cells, 8V battery has 4 cells and 12V battery has 6 cells.
7. Epoxy
The ABS plastic cover and container are sealed by a special epoxy made in Japan and is acid resistant.
(A) Chemical reaction formula during charge and discharge:
In this reaction, charging and discharge are reversed with high efficiency. Electrical energy used during discharge will be regained by recharging.
(B) In the final stage of charging or under overcharge:
Oxygen gas generation - Oxygen generates at the positive plate:
Oxygen gas absorption - Oxygen generated from the positive plate converts to the surface of the negative plate, and absorption takes place:
The above reactions of generation and absorption can be expressed as follows:
Since oxygen gas generated in the final stage of charging is absorbed by the negative plate, there is no increase in internal pressure.
(C) Overcharge or abnormal charge: However, when battery is overcharged or when charging is conducted at less than the specific temperature, the amount of oxygen gas generated by reaction (1) cannot be fully-absorbed by reaction (2). So the internal pressure increases and safety valve activate.
The gas including hydrogen generated (along with oxygen) at the negative plate during excessive overcharge will be released.
It should be noted that when the safety valve functions, electrolyte is consumed and performance deteriorates. To prevent or reduce this, it is important that charging should be conducted under recommended conditions without overcharging.
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Making the correct choice of battery for your application is no laughing matter and ensuring that your investment is protected requires careful planning.
Common mistakes made with battery installations include:
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Not enough capacity
Skimping on battery capacity is a mugs game. The simple fact is that if you are using 120 Ah per day in your application and you have only 200Ah of battery capacity, you are going to repeatedly damage your batteries. You should never plan to draw down on more than 50% of your battery capacity, and size your system to support that. |
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Incorrect charging
AGM batteries, as with all batteries require a specific charging to avoid damage. Over charging, or punching in too much voltage or amperage will cause runaway chemical reactions outside the design the of the battery. ALWAYS use a battery charger designed for charging AGM's. We market of range of battery chargers for the task, or ensure that your installation has a smart charging system with a program for AGM's |
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Flattening batteries
Flattening a battery on the camping trip because the beer MUST be kept cold is going to cost you more than a hangover. All batteries are damaged when flattened, and taken too far will destroy them in one outing. Ensure that the appliances drawing the power, or the circuit has low voltage protection. The humble flood light or cheap car fridge has the ability to take down your investment in one night. |
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Over charging
AGM's while charging create Hydrogen and Oxygen just like most other technologies. The semi sealed, pressurised environment helps contain the H's and the O2's inside the unit, but if the battery is charged too fast, or overcharged the valves will trigger releasing gases and changing the balance of chemicals and once escaped, there will be no topping up, the battery will eventually be useless. |
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Undersized wiring
AGM's typically have good cranking ability, with the Absorbed Power range having excellent cranking characteristics. We still get calls about engines not starting or undervoltage buzzers sounding. This is typically found to be a corroded connection, loose connection, unsized wiring or wiring runs too long. Ensure that your installation takes full account of these issues. |
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